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backend/src/services/hardwareMonitorService.js

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+const fs = require('fs');
+const os = require('os');
+const path = require('path');
+const { execFile } = require('child_process');
+const { promisify } = require('util');
+const settingsService = require('./settingsService');
+const wsService = require('./websocketService');
+const logger = require('./logger').child('HWMON');
+const { errorToMeta } = require('../utils/errorMeta');
+
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
+
+const DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS = 5000;
+const MIN_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+const MAX_INTERVAL_MS = 60000;
+const DF_TIMEOUT_MS = 1800;
+const SENSORS_TIMEOUT_MS = 1800;
+const NVIDIA_SMI_TIMEOUT_MS = 1800;
+const RELEVANT_SETTINGS_KEYS = new Set([
+  'hardware_monitoring_enabled',
+  'hardware_monitoring_interval_ms',
+  'raw_dir',
+  'movie_dir',
+  'log_dir'
+]);
+const MONITORED_PATH_DEFINITIONS = [
+  { key: 'raw_dir', label: 'RAW-Verzeichnis' },
+  { key: 'movie_dir', label: 'Movie-Verzeichnis' },
+  { key: 'log_dir', label: 'Log-Verzeichnis' }
+];
+
+function nowIso() {
+  return new Date().toISOString();
+}
+
+function toBoolean(value) {
+  if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    return value !== 0;
+  }
+  const normalized = String(value || '').trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (normalized === 'true' || normalized === '1' || normalized === 'yes' || normalized === 'on') {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (normalized === 'false' || normalized === '0' || normalized === 'no' || normalized === 'off') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return Boolean(normalized);
+}
+
+function clampIntervalMs(rawValue) {
+  const parsed = Number(rawValue);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed)) {
+    return DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS;
+  }
+  const clamped = Math.max(MIN_INTERVAL_MS, Math.min(MAX_INTERVAL_MS, Math.trunc(parsed)));
+  return clamped || DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS;
+}
+
+function roundNumber(rawValue, digits = 1) {
+  const value = Number(rawValue);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const factor = 10 ** digits;
+  return Math.round(value * factor) / factor;
+}
+
+function averageNumberList(values = []) {
+  const list = (Array.isArray(values) ? values : []).filter((value) => Number.isFinite(Number(value)));
+  if (list.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const sum = list.reduce((acc, value) => acc + Number(value), 0);
+  return sum / list.length;
+}
+
+function parseMaybeNumber(rawValue) {
+  if (rawValue === null || rawValue === undefined) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeof rawValue === 'number' && Number.isFinite(rawValue)) {
+    return rawValue;
+  }
+  const normalized = String(rawValue).trim().replace(',', '.');
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const cleaned = normalized.replace(/[^0-9.+-]/g, '');
+  if (!cleaned) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const parsed = Number(cleaned);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+function normalizeTempC(rawValue) {
+  const parsed = parseMaybeNumber(rawValue);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  let celsius = parsed;
+  if (Math.abs(celsius) > 500) {
+    celsius = celsius / 1000;
+  }
+  if (!Number.isFinite(celsius) || celsius <= -40 || celsius >= 160) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return roundNumber(celsius, 1);
+}
+
+function isCommandMissingError(error) {
+  return String(error?.code || '').toUpperCase() === 'ENOENT';
+}
+
+function readTextFileSafe(filePath) {
+  try {
+    return fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8').trim();
+  } catch (_error) {
+    return '';
+  }
+}
+
+function collectTemperatureCandidates(node, pathParts = [], out = []) {
+  if (!node || typeof node !== 'object') {
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(node)) {
+    if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value)) {
+      collectTemperatureCandidates(value, [...pathParts, key], out);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!/^temp\d+_input$/i.test(String(key || ''))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const normalizedTemp = normalizeTempC(value);
+    if (normalizedTemp === null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    out.push({
+      label: [...pathParts, key].join(' / '),
+      value: normalizedTemp
+    });
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+function mapTemperatureCandidates(candidates = []) {
+  const perCoreSamples = new Map();
+  const packageSamples = [];
+  const genericSamples = [];
+
+  for (const entry of Array.isArray(candidates) ? candidates : []) {
+    const value = Number(entry?.value);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const label = String(entry?.label || '');
+    const labelLower = label.toLowerCase();
+    const coreMatch = labelLower.match(/\bcore\s*([0-9]+)\b/);
+    if (coreMatch) {
+      const index = Number(coreMatch[1]);
+      if (Number.isFinite(index) && index >= 0) {
+        const list = perCoreSamples.get(index) || [];
+        list.push(value);
+        perCoreSamples.set(index, list);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (/package id|tdie|tctl|cpu package|physical id/.test(labelLower)) {
+      packageSamples.push(value);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    genericSamples.push(value);
+  }
+
+  const perCore = Array.from(perCoreSamples.entries())
+    .sort((a, b) => a[0] - b[0])
+    .map(([index, values]) => ({
+      index,
+      temperatureC: roundNumber(averageNumberList(values), 1)
+    }))
+    .filter((item) => item.temperatureC !== null);
+
+  const overallRaw = packageSamples.length > 0
+    ? averageNumberList(packageSamples)
+    : (perCore.length > 0 ? averageNumberList(perCore.map((item) => item.temperatureC)) : averageNumberList(genericSamples));
+  const overallC = roundNumber(overallRaw, 1);
+
+  return {
+    overallC,
+    perCore,
+    available: Boolean(overallC !== null || perCore.length > 0)
+  };
+}
+
+function isLikelyCpuTemperatureLabel(label = '') {
+  const normalized = String(label || '').trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return /cpu|core|package|tdie|tctl|physical id|x86_pkg_temp|k10temp|zenpower|cpu-thermal|soc_thermal/.test(normalized);
+}
+
+function preferCpuTemperatureCandidates(candidates = []) {
+  const list = Array.isArray(candidates) ? candidates : [];
+  const cpuLikely = list.filter((item) => isLikelyCpuTemperatureLabel(item?.label));
+  return cpuLikely.length > 0 ? cpuLikely : list;
+}
+
+function parseDfStats(rawOutput) {
+  const lines = String(rawOutput || '')
+    .split(/\r?\n/)
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean);
+  if (lines.length < 2) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const dataLine = lines[lines.length - 1];
+  const columns = dataLine.split(/\s+/);
+  if (columns.length < 6) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const totalKb = parseMaybeNumber(columns[1]);
+  const usedKb = parseMaybeNumber(columns[2]);
+  const availableKb = parseMaybeNumber(columns[3]);
+  const usagePercent = parseMaybeNumber(String(columns[4]).replace('%', ''));
+  const mountPoint = columns.slice(5).join(' ');
+
+  if (!Number.isFinite(totalKb) || !Number.isFinite(usedKb) || !Number.isFinite(availableKb)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    totalBytes: Math.max(0, Math.round(totalKb * 1024)),
+    usedBytes: Math.max(0, Math.round(usedKb * 1024)),
+    freeBytes: Math.max(0, Math.round(availableKb * 1024)),
+    usagePercent: Number.isFinite(usagePercent)
+      ? roundNumber(usagePercent, 1)
+      : (totalKb > 0 ? roundNumber((usedKb / totalKb) * 100, 1) : null),
+    mountPoint: mountPoint || null
+  };
+}
+
+function parseNvidiaCsvLine(line) {
+  const columns = String(line || '').split(',').map((part) => part.trim());
+  if (columns.length < 10) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const index = parseMaybeNumber(columns[0]);
+  const memoryUsedMiB = parseMaybeNumber(columns[5]);
+  const memoryTotalMiB = parseMaybeNumber(columns[6]);
+  return {
+    index: Number.isFinite(index) ? Math.trunc(index) : null,
+    name: columns[1] || null,
+    utilizationPercent: roundNumber(parseMaybeNumber(columns[2]), 1),
+    memoryUtilizationPercent: roundNumber(parseMaybeNumber(columns[3]), 1),
+    temperatureC: roundNumber(parseMaybeNumber(columns[4]), 1),
+    memoryUsedBytes: Number.isFinite(memoryUsedMiB) ? Math.round(memoryUsedMiB * 1024 * 1024) : null,
+    memoryTotalBytes: Number.isFinite(memoryTotalMiB) ? Math.round(memoryTotalMiB * 1024 * 1024) : null,
+    powerDrawW: roundNumber(parseMaybeNumber(columns[7]), 1),
+    powerLimitW: roundNumber(parseMaybeNumber(columns[8]), 1),
+    fanPercent: roundNumber(parseMaybeNumber(columns[9]), 1)
+  };
+}
+
+class HardwareMonitorService {
+  constructor() {
+    this.enabled = false;
+    this.intervalMs = DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS;
+    this.monitoredPaths = [];
+    this.running = false;
+    this.timer = null;
+    this.pollInFlight = false;
+    this.lastCpuTimes = null;
+    this.sensorsCommandAvailable = null;
+    this.nvidiaSmiAvailable = null;
+    this.lastSnapshot = {
+      enabled: false,
+      intervalMs: DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS,
+      updatedAt: null,
+      sample: null,
+      error: null
+    };
+  }
+
+  async init() {
+    await this.reloadFromSettings({
+      forceBroadcast: true,
+      forceImmediatePoll: true
+    });
+  }
+
+  stop() {
+    this.stopPolling();
+  }
+
+  getSnapshot() {
+    return {
+      enabled: Boolean(this.lastSnapshot?.enabled),
+      intervalMs: Number(this.lastSnapshot?.intervalMs || DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS),
+      updatedAt: this.lastSnapshot?.updatedAt || null,
+      sample: this.lastSnapshot?.sample || null,
+      error: this.lastSnapshot?.error || null
+    };
+  }
+
+  async handleSettingsChanged(changedKeys = []) {
+    const normalizedKeys = (Array.isArray(changedKeys) ? changedKeys : [])
+      .map((key) => String(key || '').trim().toLowerCase())
+      .filter(Boolean);
+
+    if (normalizedKeys.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const relevant = normalizedKeys.some((key) => RELEVANT_SETTINGS_KEYS.has(key));
+    if (!relevant) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    await this.reloadFromSettings({
+      forceImmediatePoll: true
+    });
+  }
+
+  async reloadFromSettings(options = {}) {
+    const forceBroadcast = Boolean(options?.forceBroadcast);
+    const forceImmediatePoll = Boolean(options?.forceImmediatePoll);
+    let settingsMap = {};
+    try {
+      settingsMap = await settingsService.getSettingsMap();
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn('settings:load:failed', { error: errorToMeta(error) });
+      return this.getSnapshot();
+    }
+
+    const nextEnabled = toBoolean(settingsMap.hardware_monitoring_enabled);
+    const nextIntervalMs = clampIntervalMs(settingsMap.hardware_monitoring_interval_ms);
+    const nextPaths = this.buildMonitoredPaths(settingsMap);
+    const wasEnabled = this.enabled;
+    const intervalChanged = nextIntervalMs !== this.intervalMs;
+    const pathsChanged = this.pathsSignature(this.monitoredPaths) !== this.pathsSignature(nextPaths);
+
+    this.enabled = nextEnabled;
+    this.intervalMs = nextIntervalMs;
+    this.monitoredPaths = nextPaths;
+    this.lastSnapshot = {
+      ...this.lastSnapshot,
+      enabled: this.enabled,
+      intervalMs: this.intervalMs
+    };
+
+    if (!this.enabled) {
+      this.stopPolling();
+      this.lastSnapshot = {
+        enabled: false,
+        intervalMs: this.intervalMs,
+        updatedAt: nowIso(),
+        sample: null,
+        error: null
+      };
+      this.broadcastUpdate();
+      return this.getSnapshot();
+    }
+
+    if (!this.running) {
+      this.startPolling();
+    } else if (intervalChanged || pathsChanged || forceImmediatePoll || !wasEnabled) {
+      this.scheduleNext(25);
+    }
+
+    if (forceBroadcast || intervalChanged || !wasEnabled) {
+      this.broadcastUpdate();
+    }
+
+    return this.getSnapshot();
+  }
+
+  buildMonitoredPaths(settingsMap = {}) {
+    return MONITORED_PATH_DEFINITIONS.map((definition) => ({
+      ...definition,
+      path: String(settingsMap?.[definition.key] || '').trim()
+    }));
+  }
+
+  pathsSignature(paths = []) {
+    return (Array.isArray(paths) ? paths : [])
+      .map((item) => `${String(item?.key || '')}:${String(item?.path || '')}`)
+      .join('|');
+  }
+
+  startPolling() {
+    if (this.running) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.running = true;
+    logger.info('start', {
+      intervalMs: this.intervalMs,
+      pathKeys: this.monitoredPaths.map((item) => item.key)
+    });
+    this.scheduleNext(20);
+  }
+
+  stopPolling() {
+    const wasActive = this.running || this.pollInFlight || Boolean(this.timer);
+    this.running = false;
+    this.pollInFlight = false;
+    this.lastCpuTimes = null;
+    if (this.timer) {
+      clearTimeout(this.timer);
+      this.timer = null;
+    }
+    if (wasActive) {
+      logger.info('stop');
+    }
+  }
+
+  scheduleNext(delayMs) {
+    if (!this.running) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.timer) {
+      clearTimeout(this.timer);
+    }
+    const delay = Math.max(0, Math.trunc(Number(delayMs) || this.intervalMs));
+    this.timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      this.timer = null;
+      void this.pollOnce();
+    }, delay);
+  }
+
+  async pollOnce() {
+    if (!this.running || !this.enabled) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.pollInFlight) {
+      this.scheduleNext(this.intervalMs);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.pollInFlight = true;
+    try {
+      const sample = await this.collectSample();
+      this.lastSnapshot = {
+        enabled: true,
+        intervalMs: this.intervalMs,
+        updatedAt: nowIso(),
+        sample,
+        error: null
+      };
+      this.broadcastUpdate();
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn('poll:failed', { error: errorToMeta(error) });
+      this.lastSnapshot = {
+        ...this.lastSnapshot,
+        enabled: true,
+        intervalMs: this.intervalMs,
+        updatedAt: nowIso(),
+        error: error?.message || 'Hardware-Monitoring fehlgeschlagen.'
+      };
+      this.broadcastUpdate();
+    } finally {
+      this.pollInFlight = false;
+      if (this.running && this.enabled) {
+        this.scheduleNext(this.intervalMs);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  broadcastUpdate() {
+    wsService.broadcast('HARDWARE_MONITOR_UPDATE', this.getSnapshot());
+  }
+
+  async collectSample() {
+    const memory = this.collectMemoryMetrics();
+    const [cpu, gpu, storage] = await Promise.all([
+      this.collectCpuMetrics(),
+      this.collectGpuMetrics(),
+      this.collectStorageMetrics()
+    ]);
+
+    return {
+      cpu,
+      memory,
+      gpu,
+      storage
+    };
+  }
+
+  collectMemoryMetrics() {
+    const totalBytes = Number(os.totalmem() || 0);
+    const freeBytes = Number(os.freemem() || 0);
+    const usedBytes = Math.max(0, totalBytes - freeBytes);
+    const usagePercent = totalBytes > 0
+      ? roundNumber((usedBytes / totalBytes) * 100, 1)
+      : null;
+    return {
+      totalBytes,
+      usedBytes,
+      freeBytes,
+      usagePercent
+    };
+  }
+
+  getCpuTimes() {
+    const cpus = os.cpus() || [];
+    return cpus.map((cpu) => {
+      const times = cpu?.times || {};
+      const idle = Number(times.idle || 0);
+      const total = Object.values(times).reduce((sum, value) => sum + Number(value || 0), 0);
+      return { idle, total };
+    });
+  }
+
+  calculateCpuUsage(currentTimes = [], previousTimes = []) {
+    const perCore = [];
+    const coreCount = Math.min(currentTimes.length, previousTimes.length);
+    if (coreCount <= 0) {
+      return {
+        overallUsagePercent: null,
+        perCore
+      };
+    }
+
+    let totalDelta = 0;
+    let idleDelta = 0;
+    for (let index = 0; index < coreCount; index += 1) {
+      const prev = previousTimes[index];
+      const cur = currentTimes[index];
+      const deltaTotal = Number(cur?.total || 0) - Number(prev?.total || 0);
+      const deltaIdle = Number(cur?.idle || 0) - Number(prev?.idle || 0);
+      const usage = deltaTotal > 0
+        ? roundNumber(((deltaTotal - deltaIdle) / deltaTotal) * 100, 1)
+        : null;
+      perCore.push({
+        index,
+        usagePercent: usage
+      });
+      if (deltaTotal > 0) {
+        totalDelta += deltaTotal;
+        idleDelta += deltaIdle;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const overallUsagePercent = totalDelta > 0
+      ? roundNumber(((totalDelta - idleDelta) / totalDelta) * 100, 1)
+      : null;
+    return {
+      overallUsagePercent,
+      perCore
+    };
+  }
+
+  async collectCpuMetrics() {
+    const cpus = os.cpus() || [];
+    const currentTimes = this.getCpuTimes();
+    const usage = this.calculateCpuUsage(currentTimes, this.lastCpuTimes || []);
+    this.lastCpuTimes = currentTimes;
+
+    const tempMetrics = await this.collectCpuTemperatures();
+    const tempByCoreIndex = new Map(
+      (tempMetrics.perCore || []).map((item) => [Number(item.index), item.temperatureC])
+    );
+
+    const perCore = usage.perCore.map((entry) => ({
+      index: entry.index,
+      usagePercent: entry.usagePercent,
+      temperatureC: tempByCoreIndex.has(entry.index) ? tempByCoreIndex.get(entry.index) : null
+    }));
+
+    for (const tempEntry of tempMetrics.perCore || []) {
+      const index = Number(tempEntry?.index);
+      if (!Number.isFinite(index) || perCore.some((item) => item.index === index)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      perCore.push({
+        index,
+        usagePercent: null,
+        temperatureC: tempEntry.temperatureC
+      });
+    }
+    perCore.sort((a, b) => a.index - b.index);
+
+    return {
+      model: cpus[0]?.model || null,
+      logicalCoreCount: cpus.length,
+      loadAverage: os.loadavg().map((value) => roundNumber(value, 2)),
+      overallUsagePercent: usage.overallUsagePercent,
+      overallTemperatureC: tempMetrics.overallC,
+      usageAvailable: usage.overallUsagePercent !== null,
+      temperatureAvailable: Boolean(tempMetrics.available),
+      temperatureSource: tempMetrics.source,
+      perCore
+    };
+  }
+
+  async collectCpuTemperatures() {
+    const sensors = await this.collectTempsViaSensors();
+    if (sensors.available) {
+      return sensors;
+    }
+
+    const hwmon = this.collectTempsViaHwmon();
+    if (hwmon.available) {
+      return hwmon;
+    }
+
+    const thermalZones = this.collectTempsViaThermalZones();
+    if (thermalZones.available) {
+      return thermalZones;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      source: 'none',
+      overallC: null,
+      perCore: [],
+      available: false
+    };
+  }
+
+  async collectTempsViaSensors() {
+    if (this.sensorsCommandAvailable === false) {
+      return {
+        source: 'sensors',
+        overallC: null,
+        perCore: [],
+        available: false
+      };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const { stdout } = await execFileAsync('sensors', ['-j'], {
+        timeout: SENSORS_TIMEOUT_MS,
+        maxBuffer: 2 * 1024 * 1024
+      });
+      this.sensorsCommandAvailable = true;
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(String(stdout || '{}'));
+      const candidates = collectTemperatureCandidates(parsed);
+      const preferred = preferCpuTemperatureCandidates(candidates);
+      return {
+        source: 'sensors',
+        ...mapTemperatureCandidates(preferred)
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isCommandMissingError(error)) {
+        this.sensorsCommandAvailable = false;
+      }
+      logger.debug('cpu-temp:sensors:failed', { error: errorToMeta(error) });
+      return {
+        source: 'sensors',
+        overallC: null,
+        perCore: [],
+        available: false
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  collectTempsViaHwmon() {
+    const hwmonRoot = '/sys/class/hwmon';
+    if (!fs.existsSync(hwmonRoot)) {
+      return {
+        source: 'hwmon',
+        overallC: null,
+        perCore: [],
+        available: false
+      };
+    }
+
+    const candidates = [];
+    let dirs = [];
+    try {
+      dirs = fs.readdirSync(hwmonRoot, { withFileTypes: true });
+    } catch (_error) {
+      dirs = [];
+    }
+
+    for (const dir of dirs) {
+      if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const basePath = path.join(hwmonRoot, dir.name);
+      const sensorName = readTextFileSafe(path.join(basePath, 'name')) || dir.name;
+      let files = [];
+      try {
+        files = fs.readdirSync(basePath);
+      } catch (_error) {
+        files = [];
+      }
+      const tempInputFiles = files.filter((file) => /^temp\d+_input$/i.test(file));
+
+      for (const fileName of tempInputFiles) {
+        const tempValue = normalizeTempC(readTextFileSafe(path.join(basePath, fileName)));
+        if (tempValue === null) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        const labelFile = fileName.replace('_input', '_label');
+        const label = readTextFileSafe(path.join(basePath, labelFile)) || fileName;
+        candidates.push({
+          label: `${sensorName} / ${label}`,
+          value: tempValue
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      source: 'hwmon',
+      ...mapTemperatureCandidates(preferCpuTemperatureCandidates(candidates))
+    };
+  }
+
+  collectTempsViaThermalZones() {
+    const thermalRoot = '/sys/class/thermal';
+    if (!fs.existsSync(thermalRoot)) {
+      return {
+        source: 'thermal_zone',
+        overallC: null,
+        perCore: [],
+        available: false
+      };
+    }
+
+    let files = [];
+    try {
+      files = fs.readdirSync(thermalRoot, { withFileTypes: true });
+    } catch (_error) {
+      files = [];
+    }
+
+    const candidates = [];
+    for (const dir of files) {
+      if (!dir.isDirectory() || !dir.name.startsWith('thermal_zone')) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const basePath = path.join(thermalRoot, dir.name);
+      const tempC = normalizeTempC(readTextFileSafe(path.join(basePath, 'temp')));
+      if (tempC === null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const zoneType = readTextFileSafe(path.join(basePath, 'type')) || dir.name;
+      candidates.push({
+        label: `${zoneType} / temp`,
+        value: tempC
+      });
+    }
+
+    return {
+      source: 'thermal_zone',
+      ...mapTemperatureCandidates(preferCpuTemperatureCandidates(candidates))
+    };
+  }
+
+  async collectGpuMetrics() {
+    if (this.nvidiaSmiAvailable === false) {
+      return {
+        source: 'nvidia-smi',
+        available: false,
+        devices: [],
+        message: 'nvidia-smi ist nicht verfuegbar.'
+      };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const { stdout } = await execFileAsync(
+        'nvidia-smi',
+        [
+          '--query-gpu=index,name,utilization.gpu,utilization.memory,temperature.gpu,memory.used,memory.total,power.draw,power.limit,fan.speed',
+          '--format=csv,noheader,nounits'
+        ],
+        {
+          timeout: NVIDIA_SMI_TIMEOUT_MS,
+          maxBuffer: 1024 * 1024
+        }
+      );
+
+      this.nvidiaSmiAvailable = true;
+      const devices = String(stdout || '')
+        .split(/\r?\n/)
+        .map((line) => line.trim())
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .map((line) => parseNvidiaCsvLine(line))
+        .filter(Boolean);
+
+      if (devices.length === 0) {
+        return {
+          source: 'nvidia-smi',
+          available: false,
+          devices: [],
+          message: 'Keine GPU-Daten ueber nvidia-smi erkannt.'
+        };
+      }
+
+      return {
+        source: 'nvidia-smi',
+        available: true,
+        devices,
+        message: null
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      const commandMissing = isCommandMissingError(error);
+      if (commandMissing) {
+        this.nvidiaSmiAvailable = false;
+      }
+      logger.debug('gpu:nvidia-smi:failed', { error: errorToMeta(error) });
+      return {
+        source: 'nvidia-smi',
+        available: false,
+        devices: [],
+        message: commandMissing
+          ? 'nvidia-smi ist nicht verfuegbar.'
+          : (String(error?.stderr || error?.message || 'GPU-Abfrage fehlgeschlagen').trim().slice(0, 220))
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  async collectStorageMetrics() {
+    const list = [];
+    for (const entry of this.monitoredPaths) {
+      list.push(await this.collectStorageForPath(entry));
+    }
+    return list;
+  }
+
+  findNearestExistingPath(inputPath) {
+    const normalized = String(inputPath || '').trim();
+    if (!normalized) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    let candidate = path.resolve(normalized);
+    for (let depth = 0; depth < 64; depth += 1) {
+      if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
+        return candidate;
+      }
+      const parent = path.dirname(candidate);
+      if (!parent || parent === candidate) {
+        break;
+      }
+      candidate = parent;
+    }
+    if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
+      return candidate;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  async collectStorageForPath(entry) {
+    const key = String(entry?.key || '');
+    const label = String(entry?.label || key || 'Pfad');
+    const rawPath = String(entry?.path || '').trim();
+    if (!rawPath) {
+      return {
+        key,
+        label,
+        path: null,
+        queryPath: null,
+        exists: false,
+        totalBytes: null,
+        usedBytes: null,
+        freeBytes: null,
+        usagePercent: null,
+        mountPoint: null,
+        note: null,
+        error: 'Pfad ist leer.'
+      };
+    }
+
+    const resolvedPath = path.isAbsolute(rawPath) ? path.normalize(rawPath) : path.resolve(rawPath);
+    const exists = fs.existsSync(resolvedPath);
+    const queryPath = exists ? resolvedPath : this.findNearestExistingPath(resolvedPath);
+
+    if (!queryPath) {
+      return {
+        key,
+        label,
+        path: resolvedPath,
+        queryPath: null,
+        exists: false,
+        totalBytes: null,
+        usedBytes: null,
+        freeBytes: null,
+        usagePercent: null,
+        mountPoint: null,
+        note: null,
+        error: 'Pfad oder Parent existiert nicht.'
+      };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const { stdout } = await execFileAsync('df', ['-Pk', queryPath], {
+        timeout: DF_TIMEOUT_MS,
+        maxBuffer: 256 * 1024
+      });
+      const parsed = parseDfStats(stdout);
+      if (!parsed) {
+        return {
+          key,
+          label,
+          path: resolvedPath,
+          queryPath,
+          exists,
+          totalBytes: null,
+          usedBytes: null,
+          freeBytes: null,
+          usagePercent: null,
+          mountPoint: null,
+          note: exists ? null : `Pfad fehlt, Parent verwendet (${queryPath}).`,
+          error: 'Dateisystemdaten konnten nicht geparst werden.'
+        };
+      }
+
+      return {
+        key,
+        label,
+        path: resolvedPath,
+        queryPath,
+        exists,
+        ...parsed,
+        note: exists ? null : `Pfad fehlt, Parent verwendet (${queryPath}).`,
+        error: null
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      return {
+        key,
+        label,
+        path: resolvedPath,
+        queryPath,
+        exists,
+        totalBytes: null,
+        usedBytes: null,
+        freeBytes: null,
+        usagePercent: null,
+        mountPoint: null,
+        note: null,
+        error: String(error?.message || 'df Abfrage fehlgeschlagen')
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = new HardwareMonitorService();